Michael Kremer

Papers

2007

"Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya" (with Paul Glewwe and Sylvie Moulin), 2007.

"Spring Cleaning: A Randomized Evaluation of Source Water Improvement," (with Jessica Leino, Edward Miguel, Alix Peterson Zwane), 2007.

"What Works in Fighting Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries? A Critical Review," (with Alix Peterson Zwane), forthcoming in the World Bank Research Observer, 2007.

"Antiquities: Long-Term Leases as an Alternative to Export Bans," (with Tom Wilkening), 2007.

"The Economics of International Refugee Law," (with Ryan Bubb and David Levine), 2007.

2006

"Empathy or Antipathy? The Consequences of Racially and Socially Diverse Peers on Attitudes and Behaviors," with Greg Duncan, Johanne Boisjoly, Dan Levy, and Jacque Eccles, / American Economic Review / , 96:5 (December 2006): 1890-1906.

"The Globalization of Household Production," (with Stanley Watt), 2006.

"Globalization and Inequality," (with Eric Maskin), 2006.

"Contracting for Health: Evidence from Cambodia," (with with Erik Bloom, Elizabeth King, Indu Bhushan, David Clingingsmith, Benjamin Loevinsohn, Rathavuth Hong, and J. Brad Schwartz), 2006.

"Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness," (with Ernst Berndt, Rachel Glennerster, Jean Lee, Ruth Levine, Georg Weizsäcker, and Heidi Williams), forthcoming in Health Economics.

"Creating Markets for Vaccines," (with Rachel Glennerster and Heidi Williams), Innovations, 2006, 1(1): 67-79.

"Advance Market Commitments: A Policy to Stimulate Investment in Vaccines for Neglected Diseases," (with Owen Barder and Heidi Williams), in The Economists' Voice.

"Applying the Odious Debt Doctrine while Preserving Legitimate Lending," (with Seema Jayachandran and Jonathan Shaftter), forthcoming in Ethics & International Affairs.

"Asian Growth and African Development," (with Marcos Chamon), forthcoming in AER Papers and Proceedings.

"Outside Funding and the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations" (with Mary Kay Gugerty) June, 2006.

"Illusion of Sustainability" (with Edward Miguel), forthcoming in Quarterly Journal of Economics.

"Why Is There No AIDS Vaccine?" (with Christopher M. Snyder).

"A Biological Model of Unions," (with Benjamin Olken), January 2006.

2005

"Economic transformation, population growth and the long-run world income distribution," (with Marcos Chamon), July 2005.

"Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries," (with Nazmul Chaudhury, Jeffrey Hammer, Karthik Muralidharan, and F. Halsey Rogers), forthcoming in Journal of Economic Perspectives.

"Odious Debt," (with Seema Jayachandran), forthcoming in American Economic Review.

"Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia," (with Josh Angrist and Eric Bettinger), forthcoming in American Economic Review.

"Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries," (with Paul Glewwe), forthcoming in Handbook on the Economics of Education, Elsevier.

"The Price of Life," (with Rachel Glennerster and Heidi Williams) Foreign Policy May/June 2005: 26-27.

2004

"Teacher Absence in India: A Snapshot," (with Nazmul Chaudhury, Jeffrey Hammer, Karthik Muralidharan, and F. Halsey Rogers), forthcoming in Journal of the European Economic Association.

"Ways to Spur Malaria Vaccine Research," (with Rachel Glennerster), forthcoming in The Economics of Malaria.

"Incentives to Learn," (with Edward Miguel and Rebecca Thornton), September 2004, revised January 2007.

"Incentives in Markets, Firms and Governments," (with Daron Acemoglu and Atif Mian), July 2004.
Under Revision

"Retrospective vs. Prospective Analyses of School Inputs: The Case of Flip Charts in Kenya," (with Paul Glewwe, Sylvie Moulin and Eric Zitzewitz), Journal of Development Economics 74(1), June 2004, pp. 251-268. (NBER Working Paper 8018, 2000)

"Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities," (with Edward Miguel), Econometrica 72(1), January 2004, pp. 159-217. (February 2003 draft; NBER Working Paper 8481, 2001)

2003

"Randomized Evaluations of Educational Programs in Developing Countries: Some Lessons," American Economic Review 93(2), May 2003, pp. 102-106.

"A Purchase Commitment for Vaccines," reprinted in Dyna Arhin-Tenkorang and Pedro Conceição, "Beyond Communicable Disease Control: Health in the Age of Globalization," in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven, and Ronald U. Mendoza (eds.), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Oxford University Press, 2003.

"Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students," (with Dan Levy), 2003.

"Encouraging Technical Progress in Tropical Agriculture," (with Alix Zwane), March 2003.

"Odious Debt," (with Seema Jayachandran), Brookings Review, 21(2), Spring 2003.

"Regional Public Goods and Health in Latin American," (with Jessica Leino), 2003.

2002

"Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment," (with Josh Angrist, Eric Bettinger, Erik Bloom, and Elizabeth King), American Economic Review 92(5), December 2002, pp. 1535-1558. (NBER Working Paper 8343, 2001)

"Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World," Journal of Economic Perspectives 16(4), Fall 2002.

"A Biological Model of Unions," (with Ben Olken), October 2002. (NBER Working Paper 8257, 2001.)

"Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility," (with Daniel Chen), Journal of Economic Growth 7(3), September 2002, pp. 227-258. (NBER Working Paper 7530, 2000)

"The Impact of Development Assistance on Social Capital: Evidence from Kenya," (with Mary Kay Gugerty), in Christian Grootaert and Thierry van Bastelaer (eds.), The Role of Social Capital in Development: An Empirical Assessment, Cambridge University Press, April 2002.

"A Purchase Commitment for Vaccines," in Inge Kaul, Katell Le Goulven, and Mirjam Schnupf (eds.), Global Public Goods Financing: New Tools for New Challenges, A Policy Dialogue, UNDP/ODS, 2002.

"A World of Junk-Status States" (with Seema Jayachandran), The Guardian (London), August 19, 2002.

"Odious Debt," (with Seema Jayachandran), Brookings Institution Policy Brief #103, July 2002.

"Odious Debt," (with Seema Jayachandran), Finance and Development (IMF), 39(2), June 2002.

2001

"A Commitment for Vaccines," (with Jessica Leino), translated into French as "Un engagement pour les vaccins," Biofutur (217), December 2001.

"Does Favorable Tax-Treatment of Housing Reduce Equipment Investment?," (with Ben Broadbent), Journal of Public Economics 81(3), 2001, pp. 369-391. (NBER Working Paper 6161, 1997)

"Creating Markets for New Vaccines: Part I: Rationale," in Adam B. Jaffe, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, MIT Press, Volume 1, 2001. (May 2000 draft)

"Creating Markets for New Vaccines: Part II: Design Issues," in Adam B. Jaffe, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, MIT Press, Volume 1, 2001. (May 2000 draft)

"Searching for Prosperity," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy (55), 2001, pp. 275-303.

"Should Taxes be Independent of Age?," [.wpd format], 2001.
Under Revision

"Creating a Market for Vaccines," (with Rachel Glennnerster), New York Times, June 1, 2001.

"Stimulating Industrial R&D for Neglected Infectious Diseases: Economic Perspectives," (with David Webber), Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79(8), 2001, pp. 693-801.

2000

"Education Reform," in Anne O. Krueger (ed.), Economic Policy Reform: The Second Stage, University of Chicago Press, 2000.

"Why Do Governments Operate Schools?," (with Andrei Sarychev), October 2000.

"Outside Funding of Community Organizations: Benefiting or Displacing the Poor?" (with Mary Kay Gugerty), NBER Working Paper 7896, September 2000.

"A World Bank Vaccine Commitment," (with Rachel Glennerster), Brookings Institution Policy Brief #57, May 2000.

"Elephants," (with Charles Morcom), American Economic Review, March 2000, pp. 212-234. (NBER Working Paper 5674, 1996).

"Globalization and International Public Finance," (with Paras Mehta), NBER Working Paper 7575, March 2000.

"Stimulating R&D on Vaccines for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: The Role of Tax Credits for Sales of Vaccines to Non-Profit Organizations," 2000.

A Tax Credit for Sales of HIV, Malaria, and Tuberculosis Vaccines," (with Amir Attaran, Jeffrey Sachs, and Sara Sievers), 2000.

"A Better Way to Spur Medical Research and Development," (with Rachel Glennerster), Regulation 23(2), 2000, pp. 34-39.

1999

"Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility," (with Daniel Chen), American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 1999, pp. 155-160. (NBER Working Paper 7530, 2000)

"A Cure for Indifference," (with Jeffrey Sachs), Financial Times, May 5, 1999.

1998

"Restructuring Social Security Taxes," Brookings Institution Policy Brief #40, December 1998.

Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation," Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1998, pp. 1137-1167. (NBER Working Paper 6304, 1997). Reprinted in Alexander Tabarrok (ed.), Entrepreneurial Economics: Bright Ideas from the Dismal Science, Oxford University Press, 2002.

"On the Effect of Changing Sexual Activity on HIV Prevalence," (with Charles Morcom), Mathematical Biosciences 151(1), July 1998, pp. 99-122.

"Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and Gradual Adjustment," (with Jim Thomson), Journal of Economic Growth 3(1), March 1998, pp. 5-28. (NBER Working Paper 4827, 1994)

"AIDS: The Economic Rationale for Public Intervention," in Martha Ainsworth, Lieve Fransen, and Mead Over (eds.), Confronting AIDS: Evidence from the Developing World, The European Commission and the World Bank, 1998.

1997

"Disorganization," (with Olivier Blanchard), Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1997, pp. 1091-1126.

"Why Are Worker Cooperatives So Rare?," NBER Working Paper 6118, 1997.

"How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality?," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1997, pp. 115-139. (NBER Working Paper 5566, 1996)

AIDS, Behavioral Choice, and the Composition of the Pool of Available Partners," in Advances in Mathematical Population Dynamics: Molecules, Cells and Man Part II, Chapter 8, World Scientific Publishing Co., 1997, pp. 487-510.

1996 and earlier

"Wage Inequality and Segregation by Skill," (with Eric Maskin), (NBER Working Paper 5718, 1996).
Under Revision

"Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of the AIDS Epidemic," Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996, pp. 549-573. (NBER Working Paper 5428, 1996)

"Research on Schooling: What We Know and What We Don't: A Comment on Hanushek," The World Bank Research Observer (10), August 1995, pp. 247-254.

"Can Having Fewer Partners Increase the Prevalence of AIDS?," NBER Working Paper 4942, 1994.

"Saving and Growth: a Comment," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy (40), June 1994, pp. 193-197.

"Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks," (with William Easterly, Lant Pritchett, and Lawrence Summers), Journal of Monetary Economics 32(3), 1993. (NBER Working Paper 4474, 1993)

"Population Growth and Technological Change: 1,000,000 B.C. to 1990," Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, 1993, pp. 681-716. Reprinted in Gene Grossman (ed.), Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence, Elgar Reference Collection, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics (68), 1996; and in Julian Simon (ed.,) Population Economics, forthcoming.

"The O-Ring Theory of Economic Development," Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, 1993, pp. 551-576. Translated into Portuguese as "A teoria 'anel em O' de desencolvimento econômico," Revista Brasileira de Economia, April/June 1995.

Send comments or questions to Jeanne Winner